Early signs and identification of scar hyperplasia

Scar hyperplasia, medically known as hypertrophic scar, refers to the abnormal proliferation of scar tissue during the healing process of skin injury, resulting in an increase in volume. The following will discuss the pathophysiological basis and clinical characteristics of scar hyperplasia.

The occurrence of scar hyperplasia is related to many factors, including inflammatory response, imbalance between collagen synthesis and degradation, abnormal expression of growth factors, etc. The following are the pathophysiological characteristics of scar hyperplasia:

1. Inflammatory response: In the early stages of wound healing, inflammatory response is a normal physiological process. However, excessive or persistent inflammatory response may lead to excessive proliferation of scar tissue.

2. Imbalance in collagen metabolism: Under normal circumstances, the synthesis and degradation of collagen maintain a dynamic balance. When scars proliferate, collagen synthesis increases and degradation decreases,  to the accumulation of scar tissue.

Abnormal growth factors: Growth factors such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) play a key role in scar hyperplasia, and their abnormal expression can promote scar cell proliferation.

Clinical features of hypertrophic scarring include:

1. Delayed wound healing: Under normal circumstances, wound healing is an orderly process. When scar hyperplasia occurs, wound healing slows down and may exceed the expected healing time.

2. Persistent erythema: The erythema in the early stage of wound healing is a manifestation of the inflammatory response, but if the erythema persists or even deepens in color, it may be a sign of scar hyperplasia.

3. Itching and pain: When scars proliferate, patients often feel itching and pain, and these symptoms may worsen as the scars proliferate.

4. Changes in scar morphology:

- Thickening: When a scar hypertrophies, the scar tissue gradually thickens, forming a ridge that is higher than the surrounding skin.

- Hardening: Normal scar tissue is relatively soft, while hypertrophic scars become hard and can be felt to be noticeably firm when palpated.

• Irregular edges: When scars proliferate, the edges of the scars may become irregular, appearing raised, jagged, or crab-like in shape.

Scar hyperplasia is a complex pathophysiological process involving a variety of cytokines and molecular mechanisms. Scar patches are also a good choice. Early prevention can make wounds heal better.

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Editor: kiki Jia