Wound knowledge: structure and function of epithelium and granulation

Epithelium and granulation are two important tissues on the surface of the skin that perform compensatory and protective functions. The epithelium is divided into the epidermis and mucosal epithelium. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, and the mucosal epithelium exists on the surface of the mucous membranes in the body, such as the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. The granulation is a subcutaneous tissue composed of fibroblasts and blood vessels, which play an important role in the repair and regeneration of wounds.

We need to know very different things about epithelium and granulation. The epithelium is the outermost layer of tissue lining the skin or other surfaces, and its main function is to protect internal organs from the external environment and infection. Epithelium usually contains multiple layers of cells and has a very high capacity for self-repair. When cells die or become damaged, they proliferate and differentiate to fill the gaps, maintaining good cell density and surface integrity while also helping to protect against infection and skin aging. Epithelium can maintain stability and structural integrity through cell adhesion and cell-cell communication.

Granulation is a kind of basic connective tissue, which is constructed by various cells and tissues such as fibroblasts, capillaries, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. Granulation tissue is often present during neovascularization and tissue repair. Unlike epithelium, granulation tissue typically forms in wound or trauma areas to fill cavities and support surrounding organs. Through the proliferation of mesenchymal cells and its own repair mechanism, granulation tissue can promote blood circulation, regulate inflammatory response and increase the growth of new cells. This automatic regeneration and repair process usually takes days or weeks to complete.

The significance of epithelium and granulation is to maintain the integrity and stability of the skin and inner membrane to protect the body from the external environment and infection. In addition, epithelium and granulation also have very important physiological functions, such as preventing the loss of water and gas, absorbing nutrients, and transporting molecules. Epithelium and granulation also have certain immune and anti-inflammatory effects and play an important role in the process of infection and inflammation. Understanding the characteristics and functions of epithelium and granulation is of great importance to physicians and researchers in the fields of dermatology, surgery, and pathology. Clinically, understanding epithelial and granulation changes and abnormalities can lead to better understanding and treatment options for problems such as skin diseases and wound healing.

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Editor: kiki Jia

Date: June 26, 2023